Updating LinuxCNC to a new minor release (i.e. to a new version in the same stable series, for example from 2.9.1 to 2.9.2) is an automatic process if your PC is connected to the internet. You will see an update prompt after a minor release along with other software updates. If you don’t have an internet connection to your PC see Updating without Network.

1. Upgrade to the new version

This section describes how to upgrade LinuxCNC from version 2.8.x to a 2.9.y version. It assumes that you have an existing 2.8 install that you want to update.

To upgrade LinuxCNC from a version older than 2.8, you have to first upgrade your old install to 2.8, then follow these instructions to upgrade to the new version.

If you do not have an old version of LinuxCNC to upgrade, then you’re best off making a fresh install of the new version as described in the section Getting LinuxCNC.

Furthermore, if you are running Ubuntu Precise or Debian Wheezy it is well worth considering making a backup of the "linuxcnc" directory on removable media and performing a clean install of a newer OS and LinuxCNC version as these releases were EOL in 2017 and 2018 respectively. If you are running on Ubuntu Lucid then you will have to do this, as Lucid is no longer supported by LinuxCNC (it was EOL in 2013).

To upgrade major versions like 2.8 to 2.9 when you have a network connection at the machine you need to disable the old linuxcnc.org apt sources in the file /etc/apt/sources.list and add a new linuxcnc.org apt source for 2.9, then upgrade LinuxCNC.

The details will depend on which platform you’re running on. Open a terminal then type lsb_release -ic to find this information out:

lsb_release -ic
Distributor ID: Debian
Codename:       Buster

You should be running on Debian Buster, Bullseye or Bookworm or Ubuntu 20.04 "Focal Fossa" or newer. LinuxCNC 2.9.y will not run on older distributions than these.

You will also need to check which realtime kernel is being used:

uname -r
6.1.0-10-rt-amd64

If you see (as above) -rt- in the kernel name then you are running the preempt-rt kernel and should install the "uspace" version of LinuxCNC. You should also install uspace for "sim" configs on non-realtime kernels

If you see -rtai- in the kernel name then you are running RTAI realtime. See below for the LinuxCNC version to install. RTAI packages are available for Bookworm and Buster but not currently for Bullseye.

1.1. Apt Sources Configuration

  • Open the Software Sources window. The process for doing this differs slightly on the three supported platforms:

    • Debian:

      • Click on Applications Menu, then System, then Synaptic Package Manager.

      • In Synaptic, click on the Settings menu, then click Repositories to open the Software Sources window.

    • Ubuntu Precise:

      • Click on the Dash Home icon in the top left.

      • In the Search field, type "software", then click on the Ubuntu Software Center icon.

      • In the Ubuntu Software Center window, click on the Edit menu, then click on Software Sources... to open the Software Sources window.

    • Ubuntu Lucid:

      • Click the System menu, then Administration, then Synaptic Package Manager.

      • In Synaptic, click on the Settings menu, then click on Repositories to open the Software Sources window.

  • In the Software Sources window, select the Other Software tab.

  • Delete or un-check all the old linuxcnc.org entries (leave all non-linuxcnc.org lines as they are).

  • Click the Add button and add a new apt line. The line will be slightly different on the different platforms:

Table 1. Tabular overview on variants of the Operating System and the corresponding configuration of the repository. The configuration can be performed in the GUI of the package manager or in the file /etc/apt/sources.list.
OS / Realtime Version Repository

Debian Buster - preempt

deb https://linuxcnc.org buster base 2.9-uspace

Debian Buster - RTAI

deb https://linuxcnc.org buster base 2.9-rt

Debian Bullseye - preempt

deb https://linuxcnc.org bullseye base 2.9-uspace

Debian Bookworm - preempt

deb https://linuxcnc.org bookworm base 2.9-uspace

Debian Bookworm - RTAI

deb https://linuxcnc.org bookworm base 2.9-rt
Setting apt sources
Figure 1. Figure with a screenshot of the repository configuration of the synaptic package manager.

  • Click Add Source, then Close in the Software Sources window. If it pops up a window informing you that the information about available software is out-of-date, click the Reload button.

1.2. Upgrading to the new version

Now your computer knows where to get the new version of the software, next we need to install it.

The process again differs depending on your platform.

1.2.1. Debian Buster, Bullseye and Bookworm

Debian uses the Synaptic Package Manager.

  • Open Synaptic using the instructions in Setting apt sources above.

  • Click the Reload button.

  • Use the Search function to search for linuxcnc.

  • The package is called "linuxcnc" for RTAI kernels and "linuxcnc-uspace" for preempt-rt.

  • Click the check box to mark the new linuxcnc and linuxcnc-doc-* packages for upgrade. The package manager may select a number of additional packages to be installed, to satisfy dependencies that the new linuxcnc package has.

  • Click the Apply button, and let your computer install the new package. The old linuxcnc package will be automatically upgraded to the new one.

1.3. Ubuntu

  • Click on the Dash Home icon in the top left.

  • In the Search field, type "update", then click on the Update Manager icon.

  • Click the Check button to fetch the list of packages available.

  • Click the Install Updates button to install the new versions of all packages.

2. Updating without Network

To update without a network connection you need to download the .deb then install it with dpkg. The .debs can be found in https://linuxcnc.org/dists/ .

You have to drill down from the above link to find the correct deb for your installation. Open a terminal and type in lsb_release -ic to find the release name of your OS.

> lsb_release -ic
Distributor ID: Debian
Codename:       bullseye

Pick the OS from the list then pick the major version you want like 2.9-rt for RTAI or 2.9-rtpreempt or 2.9-uspace for preempt-rt.

Next pick the type of computer you have: binary-amd64 for any 64-bit x86, binary-i386 for 32 bit, binary-armhf (32bit) or binary-arm64 (64bit) for Raspberry Pi.

Next pick the version you want from the bottom of the list like linuxcnc-uspace_2.9.2_amd64.deb (choose the latest by date). Download the deb and copy it to your home directory. You can rename the file to something a bit shorter with the file manager like linuxcnc_2.9.2.deb then open a terminal and install it with the package manager with this command:

sudo dpkg -i linuxcnc_2.9.2.deb

3. Updating Configuration Files for 2.9

3.1. Stricter handling of pluggable interpreters

If you just run regular G-code and you don’t know what a pluggable interpreter is, then this section does not affect you.

A seldom-used feature of LinuxCNC is support for pluggable interpreters, controlled by the undocumented [TASK]INTERPRETER INI setting.

Versions of LinuxCNC before 2.9.0 used to handle an incorrect [TASK]INTERPRETER setting by automatically falling back to using the default G-code interpreter.

Since 2.9.0, an incorrect [TASK]INTERPRETER value will cause LinuxCNC to refuse to start up. Fix this condition by deleting the [TASK]INTERPRETER setting from your INI file, so that LinuxCNC will use the default G-code interpreter.

3.2. Canterp

If you just run regular G-code and you don’t use the canterp pluggable interpreter, then this section does not affect you.

In the extremely unlikely event that you are using canterp, know that the module has moved from /usr/lib/libcanterp.so to /usr/lib/linuxcnc/canterp.so, and the [TASK]INTERPRETER setting correspondingly needs to change from libcanterp.so to canterp.so.

4. Updating Configuration Files (for 2.9.y)

No changes should be necessary to configuration files when moving from 2.8.x to 2.9.y.

4.1. Spindle limits in the INI

It is now possible to add settings to the [SPINDLE] section of the INI file

MAX_FORWARD_VELOCITY = 20000 The maximum spindle speed (in rpm)

MIN_FORWARD_VELOCITY = 3000 The minimum spindle speed (in rpm)

MAX_REVERSE_VELOCITY = 20000 This setting will default to MAX_FORWARD_VELOCITY if omitted.

MIN_REVERSE_VELOCITY = 3000` This setting is equivalent to MIN_FORWARD_VELOCITY but for reverse spindle rotation. It will default to the MIN_FORWARD_VELOCITY if omitted.

INCREMENT = 200 Sets the step size for spindle speed increment / decrement commands. This can have a different value for each spindle. This setting is effective with AXIS and Touchy but note that some control screens may handle things differently.

HOME_SEARCH_VELOCITY = 100 - Accepted but currently does nothing

HOME_SEQUENCE = 0 - Accepted but currently does nothing

5. New HAL components

5.1. Non-Realtime

mdro mqtt-publisher pi500_vfd pmx485-test qtplasmac-cfg2prefs qtplasmac-materials qtplasmac-plasmac2qt qtplasmac-setup sim-torch svd-ps_vfd

5.2. Realtime

anglejog div2 enum filter_kalman flipflop hal_parport homecomp limit_axis mesa_uart millturn scaled_s32_sums tof ton

6. New Drivers

A framework for controlling ModBus devices using the serial ports on many Mesa cards has been introduced. http://linuxcnc.org/docs/2.9/html/drivers/mesa_modbus.html

A new GPIO driver for any GPIO which is supported by the gpiod library is now included: http://linuxcnc.org/docs/2.9/html/drivers/hal_gpio.html